```html
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<head>
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    <title>深入理解Java StackOverflowError</title>
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        }
        .serif {
            font-family: 'Noto Serif SC', serif;
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        .hero-gradient {
            background: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea 0%, #764ba2 100%);
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            transition: all 0.3s ease;
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            transform: translateY(-5px);
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</head>
<body class="bg-gray-50">
    <!-- Hero Section -->
    <section class="hero-gradient text-white py-20 px-4 md:px-0">
        <div class="container mx-auto max-w-5xl">
            <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row items-center">
                <div class="md:w-1/2 mb-10 md:mb-0 md:pr-10">
                    <h1 class="serif text-4xl md:text-5xl font-bold mb-6 leading-tight">深入理解<span class="highlight">Java StackOverflowError</span></h1>
                    <p class="text-xl mb-8 opacity-90">解析栈空间耗尽的原因与解决方案</p>
                    <div class="flex items-center space-x-4">
                        <span class="px-4 py-2 bg-white bg-opacity-20 rounded-full flex items-center">
                            <i class="fas fa-exclamation-triangle mr-2"></i> Error类型
                        </span>
                        <span class="px-4 py-2 bg-white bg-opacity-20 rounded-full flex items-center">
                            <i class="fas fa-code mr-2"></i> Java虚拟机
                        </span>
                    </div>
                </div>
                <div class="md:w-1/2">
                    <div class="bg-white bg-opacity-20 p-6 rounded-xl backdrop-filter backdrop-blur-sm">
                        <div class="text-sm mb-4">
                            <span class="font-bold">关键概念：</span>当Java程序调用栈的深度超过虚拟机允许的范围时，就会抛出StackOverflowError。
                        </div>
                        <div class="space-y-3">
                            <div class="flex items-start">
                                <div class="flex-shrink-0 mt-1">
                                    <div class="w-3 h-3 rounded-full bg-purple-300"></div>
                                </div>
                                <p class="ml-2">通常由递归调用过深引起</p>
                            </div>
                            <div class="flex items-start">
                                <div class="flex-shrink-0 mt-1">
                                    <div class="w-3 h-3 rounded-full bg-purple-300"></div>
                                </div>
                                <p class="ml-2">无限递归是最常见原因</p>
                            </div>
                            <div class="flex items-start">
                                <div class="flex-shrink-0 mt-1">
                                    <div class="w-3 h-3 rounded-full bg-purple-300"></div>
                                </div>
                                <p class="ml-2">可以通过迭代替代递归解决</p>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </section>

    <!-- Main Content -->
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                <!-- Left Column -->
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                    <article class="prose prose-lg max-w-none">
                        <h2 class="serif text-3xl font-bold mb-6">什么是StackOverflowError？</h2>
                        <p class="mb-6">
                            <code class="bg-gray-100 px-2 py-1 rounded">StackOverflowError</code> 是 Java 中的一种 <code class="bg-gray-100 px-2 py-1 rounded">Error</code>，它表示栈空间耗尽。每个线程在Java虚拟机中都有自己的栈空间，用于存储方法调用、局部变量等信息。当这个空间被耗尽时，就会抛出此错误。
                        </p>
                        
                        <h3 class="serif text-2xl font-bold mt-10 mb-4">主要发生场景</h3>
                        <div class="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-6 mb-10">
                            <div class="bg-white p-6 rounded-xl shadow-md card-hover">
                                <div class="text-purple-600 mb-3">
                                    <i class="fas fa-infinity text-3xl"></i>
                                </div>
                                <h4 class="font-bold text-lg mb-2">无限递归</h4>
                                <p class="text-gray-600">递归调用没有终止条件，或者终止条件不正确，导致无限调用。</p>
                            </div>
                            <div class="bg-white p-6 rounded-xl shadow-md card-hover">
                                <div class="text-purple-600 mb-3">
                                    <i class="fas fa-layer-group text-3xl"></i>
                                </div>
                                <h4 class="font-bold text-lg mb-2">递归调用过深</h4>
                                <p class="text-gray-600">递归调用层级过深，即使有终止条件，也可能耗尽栈空间。</p>
                            </div>
                        </div>

                        <h3 class="serif text-2xl font-bold mt-10 mb-6">解决方案</h3>
                        
                        <div class="mb-12">
                            <h4 class="font-bold text-xl mb-4 flex items-center">
                                <span class="w-8 h-8 rounded-full bg-purple-100 text-purple-600 flex items-center justify-center mr-3">1</span>
                                限制递归深度
                            </h4>
                            <p class="mb-4">确保递归调用有明确的终止条件，并且递归深度不会过深。在可能的情况下，将递归算法改写为迭代算法。</p>
                            <div class="mb-6">
                                <div class="code-block">
                                    <div class="code-header">
                                        <div class="code-dot code-dot-red"></div>
                                        <div class="code-dot code-dot-yellow"></div>
                                        <div class="code-dot code-dot-green"></div>
                                        <span class="text-gray-400 ml-2 text-sm">RecursionExample.java</span>
                                    </div>
                                    <div class="code-body">
                                        <pre>// 递归方式（可能会导致 StackOverflowError）
public int factorial(int n) {
    if (n == 0) return 1;
    return n * factorial(n - 1);
}

// 迭代方式
public int factorial(int n) {
    int result = 1;
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
        result *= i;
    }
    return result;
}</pre>
                                    </div>
                                </div>
                            </div>
                        </div>

                        <div class="mb-12">
                            <h4 class="font-bold text-xl mb-4 flex items-center">
                                <span class="w-8 h-8 rounded-full bg-purple-100 text-purple-600 flex items-center justify-center mr-3">2</span>
                                优化递归算法
                            </h4>
                            <p class="mb-4">某些递归调用可以被优化为尾递归，理论上使得编译器或虚拟机能够将递归调用优化为循环，从而避免增加栈帧。</p>
                            <div class="mb-6">
                                <div class="code-block">
                                    <div class="code-header">
                                        <div class="code-dot code-dot-red"></div>
                                        <div class="code-dot code-dot-yellow"></div>
                                        <div class="code-dot code-dot-green"></div>
                                        <span class="text-gray-400 ml-2 text-sm">TailRecursion.java</span>
                                    </div>
                                    <div class="code-body">
                                        <pre>// 尾递归（理论上可以优化，但 Java 不支持尾递归优化）
public int factorial(int n, int accumulator) {
    if (n == 0) return accumulator;
    return factorial(n - 1, n * accumulator);
}

public int factorial(int n) {
    return factorial(n, 1);
}</pre>
                                    </div>
                                </div>
                            </div>
                            <div class="bg-blue-50 border-l-4 border-blue-500 p-4 rounded-r">
                                <div class="flex">
                                    <div class="flex-shrink-0 text-blue-500">
                                        <i class="fas fa-info-circle"></i>
                                    </div>
                                    <div class="ml-3">
                                        <p class="text-sm text-blue-700">
                                            Java 的标准 JIT 编译器并不总是进行尾递归优化，因此这种写法并不能保证避免栈溢出。
                                        </p>
                                    </div>
                                </div>
                            </div>
                        </div>

                        <div class="mb-12">
                            <h4 class="font-bold text-xl mb-4 flex items-center">
                                <span class="w-8 h-8 rounded-full bg-purple-100 text-purple-600 flex items-center justify-center mr-3">3</span>
                                增加栈空间
                            </h4>
                            <p class="mb-4">可以通过调整 JVM 启动参数 <code class="bg-gray-100 px-2 py-1 rounded">-Xss</code> 来增加栈空间。但这只是临时解决方案，不能从根本上解决递归深度过大的问题。</p>
                            <div class="mb-6">
                                <div class="code-block">
                                    <div class="code-header">
                                        <div class="code-dot code-dot-red"></div>
                                        <div class="code-dot code-dot-yellow"></div>
                                        <div class="code-dot code-dot-green"></div>
                                        <span class="text-gray-400 ml-2 text-sm">Terminal</span>
                                    </div>
                                    <div class="code-body">
                                        <pre>java -Xss2m MyClass</pre>
                                    </div>
                                </div>
                            </div>
                        </div>

                        <div class="mb-12">
                            <h4 class="font-bold text-xl mb-4 flex items-center">
                                <span class="w-8 h-8 rounded-full bg-purple-100 text-purple-600 flex items-center justify-center mr-3">4</span>
                                检查终止条件
                            </h4>
                            <p class="mb-4">仔细检查递归方法的终止条件，确保它能够在合理的条件下停止递归调用。</p>
                            <div class="mb-6">
                                <div class="code-block">
                                    <div class="code-header">
                                        <div class="code-dot code-dot-red"></div>
                                        <div class="code-dot code-dot-yellow"></div>
                                        <div class="code-dot code-dot-green"></div>
                                        <span class="text-gray-400 ml-2 text-sm">RecursionCheck.java</span>
                                    </div>
                                    <div class="code-body">
                                        <pre>// 确保有正确的终止条件
public void recursiveMethod(int count) {
    if (count <= 0) return;
    // 递归调用
    recursiveMethod(count - 1);
}</pre>
                                    </div>
                                </div>
                            </div>
                        </div>

                        <div class="mb-12">
                            <h4 class="font-bold text-xl mb-4 flex items-center">
                                <span class="w-8 h-8 rounded-full bg-purple-100 text-purple-600 flex items-center justify-center mr-3">5</span>
                                避免深层嵌套的函数调用
                            </h4>
                            <p class="mb-4">减少函数调用层级深度，可以通过将深层嵌套的调用拆分成多个较浅的调用或采用其他设计模式来减少嵌套层级。</p>
                            <div class="mb-6">
                                <div class="code-block">
                                    <div class="code-header">
                                        <div class="code-dot code-dot-red"></div>
                                        <div class="code-dot code-dot-yellow"></div>
                                        <div class="code-dot code-dot-green"></div>
                                        <span class="text-gray-400 ml-2 text-sm">DeepCalls.java</span>
                                    </div>
                                    <div class="code-body">
                                        <pre>// 深层嵌套的函数调用（不推荐）
public void methodA() {
    methodB();
}

public void methodB() {
    methodC();
}

public void methodC() {
    // 继续调用
}

// 改进为较浅的调用层级（推荐）
public void process() {
    // 处理逻辑
}</pre>
                                    </div>
                                </div>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </article>
                </div>

                <!-- Right Column -->
                <div class="md:col-span-1">
                    <div class="sticky top-6">
                        <div class="bg-white p-6 rounded-xl shadow-md mb-6">
                            <h3 class="font-bold text-xl mb-4 flex items-center">
                                <i class="fas fa-lightbulb text-yellow-500 mr-2"></i> 关键要点
                            </h3>
                            <ul class="space-y-3">
                                <li class="flex items-start">
                                    <div class="flex-shrink-0 mt-1">
                                        <div class="w-2 h-2 rounded-full bg-purple-500"></div>
                                    </div>
                                    <p class="ml-2">递归是StackOverflowError的主要原因</p>
                                </li>
                                <li class="flex items-start">
                                    <div class="flex-shrink-0 mt-1">
                                        <div class="w-2 h-2 rounded-full bg-purple-500"></div>
                                    </div>
                                    <p class="ml-2">迭代通常比递归更安全</p>
                                </li>
                                <li class="flex items-start">
                                    <div class="flex-shrink-0 mt-1">
                                        <div class="w-2 h-2 rounded-full bg-purple-500"></div>
                                    </div>
                                    <p class="ml-2">增加栈空间只能作为临时解决方案</p>
                                </li>
                                <li class="flex items-start">
                                    <div class="flex-shrink-0 mt-1">
                                        <div class="w-2 h-2 rounded-full bg-purple-500"></div>
                                    </div>
                                    <p class="ml-2">检查终止条件是预防的关键</p>
                                </li>
                            </ul>
                        </div>

                        <div class="bg-white p-6 rounded-xl shadow-md">
                            <h3 class="font-bold text-xl mb-4 flex items-center">
                                <i class="fas fa-project-diagram text-blue-500 mr-2"></i> 递归与迭代对比
                            </h3>
                            <div class="mermaid">
                                graph TD
                                    A[递归] --> B[简洁优雅]
                                    A --> C[可能导致栈溢出]
                                    A --> D[可能性能较差]
                                    E[迭代] --> F[代码稍长]
                                    E --> G[不会栈溢出]
                                    E --> H[通常性能更好]
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
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```